juncture: stresses the significant concurrence or convergence of events that is likely to lead to a turning point: at an important ~ in our country's history. (concurrence1同时发生,2同意，converge会合会聚，cur词根表示跑，verge表示边界外延)


pass: implies a bad or distressing state or situation brought about by a combination of causes: things have come to a sorry ~ when it's not safe to be on the street.


exigency: stresses the pressure of necessity or the urgency of demand created by a juncture or pass: made no effort to provide for ~ies.


emergency: applies to a sudden and unforeseen situation requiring prompt action to prevent disaster: the presence of mind needed to deal with ~ies.  (prompt迅速: 强调训练有素可以立即响应connotes training and discipline that fits one for instant response, 如the prompt response of emergency medical technicians急救医师们迅速响应)


contingency: implies an emergency or exigency that is regarded as possible or even probable but uncertain of occurrence: ~ plans prepared by the Pentagon.


pinch: implies a juncture, especially in personal affairs, that exerts pressure and demands vigorous counteractive action, but to a less degree than exigency or emergency: this will do in a ~.


straits: applies to a troublesome or dangerous situation from which escape is difficult: in dire ~ since the death of their father.    (dire 1非常严重very serious，2糟糕very bad, 如living in dire poverty生活赤贫,dire warnings/threats严重警告/威胁)


crisis: applies to a juncture whose outcome will make a decisive difference: the fever broke and the ~ passed.   (decisive决定性的，字面意思是了断to cut，如a decisive victory决定性胜利)


juncture关键时刻或情势: 表示事情并发会合, 将要产生拐点变化(turning point拐点)，pass关口: 问题积累到需要过关斩将的地步，比喻情态严峻(distressing压力大痛苦即严峻), ，exigency紧迫: 强调需求迫切，emergency紧急: 指突发意外情况，必须迅速行动避免灾难，contingency也是紧急: 可能甚至很可能发生的紧急迫切情况，但不确定，pinch困难: 多指个人生活上的困难(pressure), 程度弱，straits困境: “困难”危险又难以逃脱，crisis危机:  其结果具有决定性影响的关键时刻。


记忆方法: 1）首字母JPEECPCS分成JP SEE CPC日本看到共产党<==遇到危机


         2）危机的意思是关键时刻或情势mean a critical or crucial time or state of affairs.    (都是关键的意思，crucial暗示分叉即道路选择，critical暗示拐点)